AI began transitioning from theory to practical application, with computer vision and deep learning proving particularly powerful. One notable study demonstrated a system that used a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to achieve in pre-weld part alignment, followed by a laser triangulation method that estimated weld bead dimensions with an error of just a few percent. In friction stir welding, CNNs were successfully employed to detect cavities by evaluating inline process data, moving beyond simple laboratory experiments toward real-world viability.
Handheld laser scanners became prevalent for surface inspections. These devices create a 3D digital twin of the weld bead, measuring crown height, undercut, and width against CAD specifications in real-time. Impact on Standards and Safety welding inspection technology 2020 pdf 2021
The 2020 edition serves as a comprehensive guide for welding standards and practices, covering: AI began transitioning from theory to practical application,
Inspectors deployed to the field transitioned to ruggedized tablets running dedicated quality management software. measuring crown height