In 2001, consumer digital technology was in its infancy. Mobile phones with video cameras were practically non-existent, and internet connectivity in regional Indonesia was severely limited. Most footage from the era was captured by broadcast television journalists on professional tapes (such as VHS or Betacam) or by a very small number of citizens with handheld analog camcorders. Over the years, fragments of these news broadcasts and low-resolution bootlegs were digitized and uploaded to early video-sharing platforms and peer-to-peer networks. Users use the phrase "video asli" to cut through modern dramatizations, slideshows, or video game mockups to find real historical recordings.

: Reports vary, but common triggers cited include an arson attack on a Dayak house or an initial physical altercation where two Madurese were attacked. Escalation

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The situation finally exploded on . A house belonging to a Dayak resident on Jalan Padat Karya was burned down in the early morning. Believing Madurese individuals were responsible, Dayak groups launched counterattacks. The violence quickly spread to Jalan Tidar, a neighborhood with many Madurese residents.