The short answer is . Under Philippine law (Republic Act No. 7610 and related DSWD guidelines), a "minor" is defined as any person under 18 years of age.
Another less common but legally relevant exception involves an 18-year-old who has been judicially declared as a “child in need of special protection” or who is under a legal guardianship order that extends beyond the age of majority due to mental or physical incapacity. In such rare cases, the court may mandate continued oversight, which could require a DSWD clearance until a specified age. Furthermore, if an 18-year-old is traveling with a foster parent or a non-relative guardian without proper legal adoption papers, immigration officers have discretionary power to request proof of relationship or a travel consent document, even if not strictly a DSWD certificate. This discretionary power serves as a final safety net against potential trafficking disguised as adult travel.
A notarized Affidavit of Consent executed by either parent or the legal guardian.
PSA Death Certificate of the deceased parent.
Submit the application to the DSWD Field Office that has jurisdiction over the minor's residence.
Traveling accompanied by their biological mother or biological father (if the parents are married).