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A new layer is formed, and cohesion is created at the interface .

| Main Group | German Term | English Equivalent | Description | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | Urformen | Primary Shaping | Creating a solid body from a shapeless material (liquid, gas, powder, etc.) | | 2 | Umformen | Forming | Changing the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation | | 3 | Trennen | Cutting/Separating | Reducing material cohesion to change the shape of a workpiece | | 4 | Fügen | Joining | Increasing material cohesion to combine multiple workpieces into one entity | | 5 | Beschichten | Coating | Applying a permanent layer of material onto a workpiece surface | | 6 | Stoffeigenschaft ändern | Changing Material Properties | Altering the atomic or molecular structure of the workpiece material | din 8580 english pdf free

Examples: Heat treatment (hardening), magnetizing, and nitriding. A new layer is formed, and cohesion is