Accurate determination of water content is critical for the quality control and operational efficiency of petroleum products and bituminous materials. ASTM D95, standardized by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), provides a widely accepted method for quantifying water using a distillation procedure. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of ASTM D D95, detailing its scope, significance, apparatus, procedural methodology, and inherent limitations. The discussion highlights the method's reliance on azeotropic distillation to separate water from the sample, making it a benchmark procedure for field and laboratory analysis despite the emergence of more modern techniques such as Karl Fischer titration.
[12†L21-L23]
Very similar, but D4006 is specific to crude oil. D95 covers a broader range of petroleum products, including asphalt, lubricating oils, and fuel oils. Astm D95 Pdf
For official procedures, tolerances, and the full technical text, users should consult the official ASTM International website for the "ASTM D95 PDF". Accurate determination of water content is critical for
: Refineries use the test to ensure that crude oil feedstocks meet quality specifications, helping to prevent operational issues and ensure the production of high-quality products. For official procedures, tolerances, and the full technical
The underlying scientific principle of ASTM D95 is , often referred to in chemistry labs as the Dean-Stark method.