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: 14 to 15 vowels that provide the core sound.

In Kannada, every consonant is inherently paired with the vowel sound "a" (ಅ). To change that vowel sound—for instance, to turn "ka" (ಕ) into "ki" (ಕಿ) or "ku" (ಕು)—you add specific diacritics known as . Vowels (Swaras): There are typically 13 to 14 core vowels. Consonants (Vyanjanas): There are 34 to 36 consonants.

Before jumping into the full Kagunita combinations, it is vital to master the building blocks: the independent vowels and base consonants.