High-end grippers feature a handle that rotates 360 degrees. This prevents the fish from breaking its own jaw or escaping if it begins to spin violently. Step-by-Step Mechanical Process: How It Clamps
While the stress response is vital for survival, the chronic activation of the FishGR system can have detrimental effects. Long-term elevation of cortisol is associated with , making fish more susceptible to disease. It can also disrupt reproduction . Research on Japanese eels has shown that cortisol, acting through its GRs, can inhibit ovarian development. In farmed fish, high stocking density is a common stressor that can lead to persistently high cortisol levels, which in turn downregulates GR expression and serves as a valuable bio-indicator of poor welfare. fishgrs work