This focuses on the drug's biochemical and physiological effects:
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Drugs do not create new functions in the body; they simply modify existing physiological processes by interacting with cellular receptors. This focuses on the drug's biochemical and physiological
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How a drug is delivered drastically changes how fast it works and how much of it actually reaches the systemic circulation (). Description Oral (PO) Swallowing pills, capsules, or liquids. Convenient, safe, pain-free. Slow onset; drug can be destroyed by stomach acid. Intravenous (IV) Injecting directly into a vein. 100% bioavailability; instant effect. Irreversible; higher risk of infection or toxicity. Subcutaneous (SubQ) Injecting into the fatty layer just below the skin. Good for slow, sustained release (e.g., Insulin). Can cause local irritation; requires needles. Transdermal Patches stuck to the skin (e.g., Nicotine patches). Continuous delivery; bypasses the stomach. Only works for specific, highly potent drugs. Inhalation Breathing in gases or aerosols. Rapid delivery straight to the lungs. Requires proper technique; can irritate airways. 4. Major Drug Classes You Should Know
etabolism: How the body breaks down the drug (mostly in the liver).
Pharmacokinetics is often abbreviated as , representing the four sequential stages of a drug's journey through the human body:
