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18th Century 1970s 1980s [ Jeremy Bentham ] ------------> [ Peter Singer ] -----------> [ Tom Regan ] Focus: Sentience & Focus: Utilitarianism Focus: Inherent Value Ability to suffer & "Animal Liberation" & Deontology

Millions of animals, including rodents, primates, and dogs, are used annually for biomedical research, toxicity testing, and educational purposes. While welfare laws mandate the (Replacement with non-animal alternatives, Reduction of animal numbers, and Refinement of procedures), rights groups advocate for a total ban, pushing for advanced technologies like organs-on-a-chip and computer modeling. Entertainment and Companion Animals 18th Century 1970s 1980s [ Jeremy Bentham ]

Following public exposure of the psychological trauma suffered by captive orcas, major entertainment corporations have phased out orca breeding programs and theatrical performances. The concern for animal welfare dates back to

The concern for animal welfare dates back to ancient civilizations, where philosophers such as Pythagoras and Seneca expressed compassion for animals and advocated for their humane treatment. However as human societies developed and industrialization took hold, the treatment of animals began to deteriorate. The use of animals for food, clothing, and entertainment became more widespread, and concerns for their welfare were often overlooked. and entertainment became more widespread